Nissan Navara, 2010

Nissan Navara, 2010

Europe's best selling pick-up and its SUV sibling since its launch - the Nissan Navara and Nissan Pathfinder - have been given a mid-term boost with a number of significant enhancements designed to keep them at the top.

New V6 diesel engine
The new direct injection V6 turbodiesel has been developed by the Renault Nissan Alliance to deliver high levels of performance with strong economy, competitive emissions and class-leading refinement.

The key element of the new V6 - with an unusual vee angle of 65 degrees - is the material chosen for the engine block. Alliance development engineers chose Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI), a material that offers all the benefits of cast iron, including high levels of stiffness and noise absorption, without the weight penalty. And while CGI is heavier than a pure alloy block there is no need to add stiffening ribs or extra sound deadening material so the weight gain is comparatively modest.

Using experience gained during the development of the Alliance 2.0-litre dCi engine - and carrying over some technology - accelerated development of the new V6, but number of significant changes have been made to the hardware for the V9X. The combustion chamber design, for example, has been optimised to improve the balance between emission levels and fuel efficiency.

The compression ratio has been lowered to 16:1 to benefit not just economy and emissions but also noise, vibration and harshness (NVH), while internal engine friction is reduced by the use of ultra smooth components such as the micro-finished forged steel used for the crankshaft.

Class leading levels of torque and highly competitive specific power outputs are delivered thanks to the adoption of a comparatively large single turbocharger, which is mounted within the vee of the engine, an intercooler, and the use of the latest generation of Bosch common-rail fuel injection. This system incorporates piezo injectors and operates at 1800 bar.

Power output is 170 kW (231PS) while the torque output of 550 Nm leads the class. Better still, peak torque is achieved from as low as 1,700 rpm and is available all the way to 2,500 rpm, while as much as 500 Nm is available from a mere 1,500 rpm. Idle speed is an exceptionally low 650 rpm with none of the vibrations and noise usually associated with a diesel.

The result is strong low-end performance with comfortably refined delivery and exemplary throttle response. In addition, the engine helps provide strong towing performance, the Nissan Pathfinder capable of towing a 3500 kg braked trailer with Nissan Navara having a 3000 kg limit.

Emissions and fuel efficiency targets included achieving Euro 5 compliance. In addition to the gains made by the changes to the combustion chamber, the V9X engine also incorporates a number of innovative features.

Among these is the adoption of an overcooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system which reduces NOx emissions. The system incorporates an integrated exhaust gas bypass in the EGR cooler which quickly helps to achieve the optimum temperature after start up so that the full cooling capacity can be used. This features a low temperature water circuit for the EGR cooler to reduce still further the temperature of the exhaust gas and lower carbon monoxide and hydro carbon emissions.

Equally significant is the treatment of the tailpipe emissions. The system comprises a metallic oxidation catalytic converter offering lower pressure loss compared to a ceramic system and an exothermic catalyst and a catalytic diesel particulate filter (DPF) in the same container. The latter arrangement works in conjunction with a seventh fuel injector which is positioned in the exhaust.

Improved 2.5 four-cylinder dCi
The existing 2.5 dCi four cylinder engine hasn't been forgotten, however, and significant improvements will cement its position as the most popular engine in the range with improvements to both overall refinement and all aspects of its performance.

Subtle retuning has seen a useful 11 per cent rise in both power and torque figures to keep the engine at the top of the class. Power rises by 19 PS to 140 kW (190 PS) while torque increases by a healthy 47 Nm to 450 Nm.
As well as delivering performance gains, the changes have seen improvements in fuel economy and lower emissions. Over the combined cycle manual versions use 8.5l/100kms - an improvement of 1.3 l/100kms - while CO2 emissions have fallen by 40g/km to 224 g/km.

Exterior changes
The revised models have been given a new look front and rear to differentiate them from their predecessors. Changes at the front include a new bonnet, revised grille and a new bumper assembly. Adding 80mm to the length of both models, the bumper is more rounded and lends a more sporting touch to the cars.

There's a new headlamp design with distinctive projector styling where Xenon lamps are fitted (Nissan Pathfinder only). Headlamps washers now pop-up from beneath body colour moulding in the bumpers. There's a new 18 inch alloy wheel to complement the existing range of 16 inch (steel and alloy) and 17 inch (alloy) designs. V6 models, meanwhile, are given a discreet V6 badge at the leading edge of both front doors while V6 Nissan Pathfinder also gain a new side moulding across the doors.

Interior changes
Most of the changes inside the cabin of both Nissan Navara and Pathfinder have been designed to boost quality and include new switchgear, revised door trims, new seat fabric, the addition of chrome highlights, revised dials and, depending on the model, the availability of Nissan Connect Premium with a new high resolution touch screen.

Typical of the attention to detail that has helped enhance quality are the door trims which have been changed to improve both the look and feel of the interior and its practicality. The armrests and door pads are more tactile to the touch and their shape has also been altered to make them more comfortable in use.

As well as improving fit and finish, the material used has also been enhanced. Practical touches mean the storage bins can now happily hold an A3 map book as well as a one-litre bottle. The rear door storage bins are now large enough to hold a standard Nissan First Aid kit.

Switchgear changes include a new, easier to use, all-wheel drive command control switch on Nissan Pathfinder while the steering wheel controls for the phone and audio are now illuminated. Chrome finishers have been added to the automatic transmission surround and, depending on the model grade, to the instrument binnacle. There's a new storage box on the centre console with a damped lid while SE and LE versions also benefit from 'Fine Vision Meter' dials with a crisper appearance. LE versions of Nissan Pathfinder now have the option of black or light biscuit leather trim.

Active safety is improved with the availability of Nissan's Electronic Stability Programme (ESP) on Nissan Navara (already available on Pathfinder) which uses sensors to monitor the engine's ECU, wheel speed, steering angle, plus longitudinal and lateral G and yaw rates to anticipate and control wheel slippage.

Nissan Connect Premium, the brand's new integrated navigation, communication and music system is an optional extra. Simple and quick in use, the 40GB hard drive-based system has a high resolution touch screen with a 3D Birdview display while the map coverage is now extended to Russia, Turkey and Eastern Europe. A new intuitive multi-function controller is fitted and the system also incorporates RDS-TMS live traffic updates and rich content from Michelin.

Nissan Cube, 2009

Nissan Cube, 2009

The Characterised by its rounded-off squared dimensions, it's easy to see how Nissan Cube got its name. Boasting bags of character, Cube also sports an asymmetric rear design, with a wrap-around window at the rear on the passenger side, and a pillar on the driver's side, giving a distinctive, striking design signature which is carried over from the previous generation of Nissan Cube.
More than just unique geometry, however, the new Nissan Cube is also conceived as a totally different take on an automobile - a car that doesn't want to be defined as a car.

The Bulldog in Sunglasses
The all-new Nissan Cube builds on the existing DNA characterised by its non-traditional design, with an improved stance and an added sense of dynamic movement. With Cube's long wheelbase relative to its overall length (a 2530mm wheelbase against a 3980mm overall length) and wide track, the wheels, in effect, are pushed out to each corner - providing exceptional space utilisation and a confident-looking stance that is described as a "bulldog in sunglasses."
With its stance, the incognito canine look is aided by the wide headlights and grille treatment, the small but substantial body proportions and the short tail section. In the rear, the bar-type taillights reinforce the wide, anchored feel. The Cube's creators also sought to maintain a sense of pure design, reducing the number of character lines to give simplicity and freshness to the styling.

The other unique aspect of the Cube's exterior is the greenhouse. The A-pillars are positioned far outward and relatively upright, giving a wider range of forward visibility. The front door windows utilize a photo frame design patterned after a personal photo frame, while the asymmetrical wraparound side/rear window creates enhanced rear diagonal visibility for lane changes and reverse parking.
Unlike typical top-hinged or clamshell-style utility rear doors, Nissan Cube features an easy-access refrigerator-style opening, which makes it possible to open or close it even if parked tight against other cars in parallel parking spaces or when backed in against a wall or other obstacle.
The Nissan Cube is available in several eye-catching colours, with evocative names like Witty Military, White Pearl, Sea Turquoise and Bitter Chocolate.
Customers will be able to personalise their Cube, with designs available for the glass roof and also body stickers.

The Casual Loung Interior
The centrepiece of the new Cube's universal appeal is its surprisingly roomy interior that offers room for five in a lounge-like comfort. It creates a highly changeable space - for interacting with friends.
Cube's clever, inspired and surprisingly open occupant space was conceived with a Jacuzzi Curve layout and floating meter pod driver's area. It combines casual lounge-style passenger seating with a relaxed driving experience. The interactive interior is anchored by its curve-themed architecture, such as the subtle wavy shaping of the instrument panel, door panels, seat shapes, and the iconic Water Drop that can be seen in the cupholders and the climate control design. They are inspired by nature and the calming way that ripples move outward from a drop in water.
The comfortable Nissan Cube seating includes individual driver's and passenger seats,  with a lounge sofa style sliding rear bench seat.
The sliding rear seat can be adjusted to three positions and is positioned higher than the front seats, theatre style, enhancing rear passenger comfort and visibility.

The Interior, Stress-Free Driving, Room For Personalization
Cube's stress-free driving experience is the result of a number of factors: a tall seating position made possible by the tall body height, an extremely short hood invisible length (the area of the hood panel that the driver is unable to see) and the good rear visibility for parking and reversing.
The Nissan Cube interior also benefits from its large sunroof, giving a light and airy atmosphere. As well as the traditional blind to prevent heat build up on sunny days, there is a shoji shade, inspired by traditional Japanese shades made of rice paper which can be drawn across the sunroof, allowing light to enter but minimising heat build up!
Other interior features include the floating pod instrument panel with asymmetrical light blue and white gauges, which are designed to make it easier to distinguish between the speedometer and the tachometer. The gauge needles sweep when the engine is started to add a sense of flair, while the gradation effect gives a natural ambience similar to the glow of the white moon and the blue earth.
Convenient storage spaces and cup/bottle holders are abundant throughout the Nissan Cube interior. There are also detachable multi-hooks for holding bags or hats, which can be moved from place to place - including the instrument panel and rear doors.
The shelf expression concept features two shelves located on top centre and passenger side of the instrument panel. The shelves can be personalized with accessory wood-like trim or shag carpeting. Cube's Magic Rubber Bands, another clever Cube accessory item, are colourful rubber straps (red, yellow, orange or silver) that slip into cutouts on the door armrests to secure items such as maps, nametags, photos, towels or small stuffed animals.

Nissan Land Glider Concept, 2009

Nissan Land Glider Concept, 2009

The Nissan Land Glider concept, planners and designers of Nissan have conceived a totally new form of personal zero emission mobility that combines clever, new driving experiences, all in the one compact, 4-wheeled package.

With more than 50% of the world's population living in big cities in the near future, designers latched onto motorcycles as a credible base to start the design process.

While the agility, thrills and freedom of bikes inspired the designers and engineers, an extra spice was added to the mix. Tandem architecture became the obvious choice. A unique two-seater, cocoon-like structure sitting on a zero emission powertrain. With four-wheel stability and a sense of safety that originates from a tilting cabin, the Nissan Land Glider Concept will appeal to both two- and four-wheel driving enthusiasts.

Targeted at city dwellers of all generations, the Nissan Land Glider Concept is a serious motoring statement of the new era of mobility that Nissan intends to lead.

Cocoon in the shell
The exterior incorporates a soft, sleek-looking body that appears to be protected by a special armor, The four-wheeler boasts a dynamic body design that almost seems alive. As part of Nissan's expanding zero emission family, the Nissan Land Glider Concept exudes a clean, friendly attitude."

The vehicle's two-seater tandem layout is enveloped in what seems like the canopy of a glider, while its unique `tilt' setup employs a special leaning function that holds occupants firmly in place even when the vehicle is cornering at angles. In developing the Land Glider, Nissan designers have created a two-seater that offers the sense of security of a cocoon, but delivers real driving pleasure.
Nissan Land Glider Concept

Corner and lean

Described as a `personal city commuter,' the Nissan Land Glider Concept features steering-by-wire and a lean capability when cornering ? like a motorcycle ? that enables the vehicle and its tires to lean by up to 17 degrees. Able to turn sharply at nearly any speed, the Nissan Land Glider employs sensors for vehicle speed, steering angle and yaw rate to instantly calculate the level of lean required to negotiate a corner. All the driver must do is turn and the cabin will lean accordingly. By enabling the car to lean, designers have succeeded in minimizing vehicle width and tire tread width, thus achieving a sleek, futuristic look.

Driven by rear electric motors

Two electric motors in the rear powered by lithium-ion batteries mounted beneath the floor, the zero-emissions Nissan Land Glider Concept is quick off the mark. The car also features a non-contact charging system that can be charged whilst shopping at a supermarket or stopping at a motorway service station. This system enables vehicles to be charged cable-less at locations where the infrastructure exists.

Collision Avoidance

To ensure maximum safety whilst driving, engineers have fitted a car-robotics style crash avoidance system in which sensors mounted in the body detect other vehicles in the same way as fish swim in schools without colliding. This system directs the vehicle's path away from any obstacles.

Whilst Nissan Land Glider is a concept car created for the Tokyo Motor Show, it should not be regarded as a mere design study. This leaning machine gives a clear direction to how a future small car from Nissan could look in congested cities...a clue of what Nissan means by new era of mobility.

Technical Specifications
    * Overall Length: 3,100 mm
    * Overall Width: 1,100 mm
    * Overall Height: 1,415 mm
    * Wheelbase: 2,180 mm
    * Seating Capacity: 2

Proton Satria Neo, 2008

Proton Satria Neo, 2008

The Satria Neo Proton believes that driving should be fun and that every one of its cars should deliver superb ride and handling. Progressive technology is evident across the range - not just in performance but in safety measures and standard equipment. The Proton Satria Neo continues this tradition of offering everything motorists have come to expect from a Proton - and more. The Satria Neo highlights Proton Cars' commitment to delivering a value-added product to customers. This is a car that enjoys Proton's rock solid reliability and the magical Lotus touch - a 3-door supermini with superb design, ride and handling. The Proton Satria Neo is an energetic addition to the existing Proton line-up, which includes the 5-door city car the Savvy, the Lotus developed 5-door GEN-2 hatchback, 4-door Impian saloon and the new 4-door Proton GEN-2 Persona. Lotus - adding punch and finesse to the Proton Satria Neo Continuing the outstanding performance and winning characteristics of its predecessor, the Satria Neo also benefits from the engineering and development input of its sister company Lotus. The result is a car with improved handling, performance and style - both inside and out. It takes the Proton 3-door into a new generation. Exterior Design When the design team at Proton first conceived the Proton Satria Neo, the aim was to create an elegant and sophisticated 3-door hatchback that retained the strong elements that made the original Satria so popular and successful. From the original brief developed with Lotus, the initial concepts, renderings, clay models and external surfaces were developed at the Lotus Design Centre based at Hethel in Norfolk. Following this, the feasibility design for BIW, trim, chassis, electrical and vehicle development planning was also completed in the UK. The detailed design through to production build was completed by Lotus Engineering working alongside Proton engineers at the new state-of-the-art Tanjung Malim Plant at Proton City in Malaysia. Size The Proton Satria Neo has a brand new platform, which has been designed to the same dimensions as the original Satria GTi, to give extra space inside and improved vehicle dynamics. In addition, the front and rear track have been extended to 1470mm. The length of the vehicle is now 3905mm with a wheelbase of 2440mm and width and height of 1710mm and 1420mm respectively. The Proton Satria Neo features a centrally mounted 45-litre fuel tank beneath the floor which offers excellent protection in the event of an accident and also improving both passenger and load space, with a luggage area volume of 286 litres (0.286 cu m) with the rear seats up and a volume of 615 litres (0.615 cu m) with the seats down. NVH suppression The Proton Satria Neo aims for superior NVH characteristics which make the driving experience comfortable for occupants without eliminating the sporty engine noise. The design of the exterior is low, sporty and road-hugging. When combined with the sleek aerodynamic profile, the Proton Satria Neo delivers low wind resistance, good high speed manoeuvrability, vehicle stability and control. Lighting Stylish and contemporary, the one piece integrated rear combination lamp ensures maximum brightness and a sporty look. A multi-focal inner reflector boosts rear visibility and enhances safety while driving and an amber inner filter is integrated with turn signal reflector. All Satria Neo models have halogen headlamps with semi-automatic levelling as standard. Interior Design The modern, minimalist interior of the Proton Satria Neo takes its cue from Lotus. A clean, and contemporary layout creates a sporty, sophisticated feel, while the spacious cabin environment provides maximum comfort to enhance the entire driving experience. Dashboard and instruments The Satria Neo's dashboard fascia has its roots in the GEN-2 scheme but has added finishing touches including soothing amber and blue display and a new tempest grey interior colour scheme. The blue dials ensure that the display is clear but non-intrusive and does not distract the driver, particularly at night. All GSX models have an instrument panel dimmer so drivers can select their own brightness settings. All the important information is clearly laid out so drivers need only take their eyes from the road momentarily to get key information. The centrally located digital trip computer incorporates distance to refuelling, journey length and average fuel consumption. All major warning indicators are easily located, including the seatbelt warning and door ajar warning lights. Controls The Proton Satria Neo has a redesigned three spoke steering wheel with volume and mute controls for the radio/CD player on the left hand side and skip, search and mode controls on the right. The steering wheel has been positioned at a new angle which has increased driver legroom to 930mm from the hip pivot point. The steering wheel is also height adjustable for added convenience. Seating Body hugging bucket seats in the front give the driver and the passenger better grip and a fully secured driving feel. The driver's seat is height, tilt and slide adjustable for optimum comfort and the passenger seat has a memory function which automatically puts it back to its original position after being moved forward to allow access for rear passengers. Equipment All models are fitted with an air conditioning system with pollen filter and have climate control as standard. The familiar vertically stacked heating controls, following the style seen in the GEN-2, are again situated conveniently by the gear lever and complement the simplistic, minimalist and sporty look and feel. The automatic model has automatic cruise control as standard, which is unusual on a car of this price range. This enables the driver to set their own constant speed. Controls for this are located on the steering column on the right hand side. Audio In-car entertainment comes in the form of a stylish unit which complements the sporty look and feel. Each Proton Satria Neo variant is fitted with a Blaupunkt radio with RDS and CD player compatible with both CDRW and MP3 CDs, in addition to standard CD formats. This integrated unit is only compatible with the Proton Satria Neo so cannot be stolen and used in another vehicle. Engines and Transmissions The Proton Satria Neo is available with a 1.6 litre 16v Lotus developed CamPro engine, with a choice of a 5-speed manual transmission or a four-speed automatic gearbox. Although it shares the same engine and transmission with the GEN-2, the Satria Neo has a new lower final drive ratio, giving it better low to medium speed acceleration and smooth torque and power delivery. Underneath its compact, streamlined exterior is a CamPro 4-cylinder 16v Multi-Point Injection engine developed in collaboration with Lotus. As you'd expect from a company that designs and builds high performance cars, this is an engine that packs a serious punch; delivering a max speed of up to 118mph, with 111bhp and 109lb/ft of torque. Chassis A key strength that Proton has acquired through their relationship with Lotus is the ability to maximise ride and handling through total integrated body tuning and balancing; this combines to give a fun and exciting drive and translates into the Neo having excellent steering, manoeuvrability, cornering and handling capabilities that can be easily distinguished in terms of cornering speeds and high-speed stability. Suspension The wider track and low stance of the Proton Satria Neo plays a large part in the cornering ability of the vehicle, together with the MacPherson strut technology which is tuned for precise steering response and good handling, cornering and lane changing, all with acceptable rolling comfort. Also at the front there are vertically mounted bushes on the lower arm which give high lateral compliance with a softer vertical movement for increased comfort and stability. The front sub-frame has a new cross member design which gives high rigidity and improved vehicle handling. Brakes All Proton Satria Neo models are equipped with an ABS with EBD for optimum performance. In addition, all models have brake discs all round, with 270mm ventilated at the front and 280mm solid at the rear. Wheels The Proton Satria Neo has 16 inch turbine style handed alloy wheels with 195/50R16 88V Continental Sport tyres. Steering Despite the Satria Neo being larger than the original Satria range, Proton has reduced the vehicle's turning circle to just 10.2m (33.5ft) which has helped enhance around-town driveability and manoeuvrability. Safety Safety is a priority for Proton, who provide drivers with a range of equipment to help to prevent an accident and protect in the event of a collision. The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and Electronic Brake Distribution (EBS) deliver controlled, safer braking in adverse weather conditions. Proton aims to offer both „active' and „passive' safety and the Proton Satria Neo does just this. Active safety is achieved through good vehicle control, helping to avoid accidents. The Lotus input into the chassis and suspension development ensures the Proton Satria Neo has excellent handling, accurate steering and stable braking. The precision feedback and responsiveness of the steering, handling and braking ensure maximum control when on the road. Passive safety, the minimisation of injuries in the event of an accident, has always been important at Proton and the Satria Neo has several new safety features to support this. Here Proton focuses on passenger protection through built-in crumple zones, strong cabin rigidity and additional energy absorbance technology. This includes dual, double-impact trapezoidal bars in the doors, which work together with a side sill catcher to improve protection and prevent the door from moving into the cabin in the event of a side impact.

Proton GEN-2 Persona, 2008

Proton GEN-2 Persona, 2008

Proton GEN-2 Persona, 2008

Proton Cars (UK) is introducing a new model to its range, the Proton GEN-2 Persona. The latest addition to the GEN-2 line up is a four door saloon version of Proton's popular five door hatchback. The Proton GEN-2 Persona is powered by a 1.6 litre Lotus engineered Campro engine which delivers a maximum output of 110bhp, 148Nm of torque and a top speed of 118mph. All manual transmission models have a five-speed gearbox with a four-speed automatic option also available and superb ride and handling comes courtesy of Proton's sister company Lotus. The Lotus influence is also evident in the exterior and interior styling, with strong lines and neat design touches. The tempest grey interior offers a spacious area for drivers with perfectly flat-folding 60:40 rear seats and ample boot space. Climate control with pollen filter helps drivers to keep warm in the winter and cool in the summer and front and rear electric windows come as standard. Entertainment is provided by an integrated Blaupunkt radio/CD player, with an MP3-capable CD player and four way speaker system. Fully equipped for a safe and stress free drive, an Anti-lock Braking System with Electronic Brake Distribution, driver and passenger airbags, side impact protection bars, power assisted steering and reverse distance sensors all come as standard.

Daewoo Lacetti SX, 2004

Daewoo Lacetti SX, 2004

The Daewoo Lacetti is a compact car available as a four-door sedan, a five-door hatchback or a 4-door station wagon. The Lacetti is made by the South Korean firm GM Daewoo. The sedan and wagon are designed by Pininfarina, and the hatchback by Giorgetto Giugiaro, and launched in 2002. The hatchback, known as Lacetti-5 in Korea, came later; it was introduced in summer 2003. Europe In Europe, the car was initially sold as Daewoo Lacetti, but by the end of the 2004 it was rebadged as a Chevrolet. As with its home market, in some European markets, the Lacetti name is also used for the entire range of sedan, station wagon and hatchback models on the same J-series platform. The European models are available with the following three gasoline-powered 4-cylinder engines: + 1.4 L E-TEC II — 94 hp (69 kW) at 6300 rpm + 1.6 L E-TEC II — 109 hp (80 kW) at 5800 rpm + 1.8 L E-TEC II — 122 hp (90 kW) at 5800 rpm (produced by Holden) USA Since early 2004, various rebadged versions of the Lacetti are in the North American market. The cars feature only one engine, a gasoline-powered 2.0 L 4-cylinder E-TEC II made by Holden, developing a maximum power of a 126 hp or 94 kW (US version) or 119 hp or 89 kW (Canadian version) at 5600 rpm. Canada The Optra in Canada in two models, a four door hatchback (the Optra5), and an Optra Wagon, all in base or LS trim levels. All are powered by the 2.0 L inline-4 engine, rated at 119 hp (89 kW) at 5400 rpm and 126 ft·lbf (171 N·m) of torque at 4000 rpm, driving the front wheels through either a 5-speed manual transmission or a four speed automatic. The car is positioned as a versatile and fun to drive but affordable budget compact family car. Brakes are disc, front and rear. The Optra currently slots between the Cobalt and the Aveo. Independent suspension, 15 inch wheels, and CD player are standard on the base sedan, with optional ABS and air conditioning; the LS adds standard air conditioning and cruise control, and an optional sunroof. Length is 177.7 in (4515 mm) on a 102.4 in (2600 mm) wheelbase; width is 67.9 in (1725 mm), height 56.9 in (1445 mm) and weight 2756 lb (1250 kg). The sedan is rated as an Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle. The Optra5 hatchback was added to the lineup in 2005 and is more contemporary in styling and equipment, with projector type headlights, clear taillight lenses, blackout grille, and minimal front and rear overhang with length only 169 in (4295 mm) on the same wheelbase, height, and width. Weight is 2765 lb (1254 kg). In addition to the same options available on the sedan base and LS models, an options package containing alloy wheels, sunroof, spoiler, leather steering wheel and shift knob, and steering wheel mounted controls for the 8 speaker audio system is in keeping with the younger enthusiast market. The Optra Wagon was added to the lineup in 2005 but shares styling with the sedan. While wheelbase and width are also shared with the sedan, the wagon is taller at 59.1 in (1500 mm) and slightly longer at 179.7 in (4565 mm), and heavier at 2855 lb (1295 kg). The wagon has standard alloy roof rails, 60/40 folding rear seat, and a 12 volt power outlet in the rear compartment, in addition to the same options available on the sedan base and LS models.

Dacia Sandero, 2009

Dacia Sandero, 2009

Dacia Sandero stands out as a modern hatchback with appealing looks that convey both dynamism and robustness. The front features modern, expressive headlamps and a grille and bumper that blend harmoniously with the bodywork. Its lateral lines form an "upturned wave" and underpin the impression of solidity, thanks notably to the broad side protective strips (according to version). The rear styling reinforces the sense of a generously proportioned, spacious and well-built vehicle. The same resolve to appeal to customers and showcase its quality continues inside the car. The new dashboard has been thought through to be both modern and functional, while there is also the opportunity to combine different colours and surface finishes in several areas (according to version). The design of the door panels also contributes to the cabin's modern feel thanks to the smart handles and decorative trim strips (according to version). To mark the upgrade in range, Dacia Sandero with three dashboard trims and coordinated upholsteries. Particular attention was paid to produce an uncluttered, practical driving environment, with easy-toread instruments and controls which fall readily to hand. Efficiency and travelling comfort Dacia Sandero is built on the same B0 platform as Logan which features MacPherson-type front suspension with wishbone. Certain versions also come with a front anti-roll bar which ensures excellent roadholding when cornering. Dacia Sandero's rear suspension is also derived from the B0 platform and comprises a programmeddeflection torsion beam with coil springs and vertically-mounted, extended-travel dampers. The suspension package has been specially engineered for Dacia Sandero, including lower arm joints and a rear end which have been designed to deliver precise handling and good road holding along sharply twisting roads. Like the Dacia range's other models, Sandero boasts high ground clearance (155mm) which means it is able take all types of road in its stride, both in and out of town, a factor that contributes further to its versatility. The new car also benefits from underbody protection which allows it to tackle unsealed surfaces with ease. A comprehensive range of engines Dacia Sandero is available with a choice of two petrol engines (1.4l 75hp and 1.6l 90hp) and two diesel engines (1.5 dCi 70hp and 1.5 dCi 85hp) which have already proven their worth on numerous other vehicles in the Renault family and which have actively contributed to the success of the Dacia range. The 1.4 and 1.6 petrol engines are a perfect match for the cost, robustness and ease of maintenance values championed by the Dacia brand, and both are renowned for the availability of high torque at low engine speeds, as well as across a broad rev-band. The benchmark 1.5 dCi is acclaimed as one of the world's most efficient diesel engines. Its advanced technology includes second-generation common rail direct injection which delivers high performance and very low fuel consumption. The 1.5 dCi engine is available in 70hp form and also a punchier 85hp version which was launched in September 2007 on Dacia Logan and Dacia Logan MCV. Low CO2 emissions of 120g ensure an attractive ecological footprint for the 1.5 dCi engines of Dacia Sandero. Cabin space and carrying capacity worthy of the segment above Though Dacia Sandero's price positions it in the small car area of the market, its generous interior and exterior dimensions are in fact more in keeping with those of a vehicle from the next compact category up. Its unrivalled cabin space/price ratio has been made possible thanks to its length (4.02m), width (1.75m) and wheelbase (2.59m). The rear bench seat comfortably seats up to three adult passengers who benefit from 878mm of headroom, 145mm of kneeroom and 1,425mm of elbowroom, while a child seat can be fitted to all three seats. In addition to the rear's roomy dimensions, access to the rear seats is made even easier due to the fact that the rear doors open to an angle of up to 67°. The boot capacity of 320 litres is also unbeatable for the vehicle's price and compact dimensions, while its practical, modular layout is enhanced by the folding rear bench seat which offers a 60/40 split according to version. With the bench seat folded, the total carrying capacity extends to 1,200 litres, ensuring that Dacia Sandero stands out as a compact yet extremely spacious hatchback capable of comfortably carrying up to five adults. Safety: an inescapable consideration When it comes to Dacia Sandero's safety credentials, the newcomer benefits from the acclaimed expertise of the Renault Group in this field. On the active safety front, particular attention has been paid to Dacia Sandero's braking system which offers a degree of comfort, bite and progressive stopping power that is perfectly in keeping with the level expected of a Bsegment car in Europe. Dacia Sandero can also be equipped with latest-generation Bosch 8.1 ABS which incorporates EBD (Electronic Brakeforce Distribution) and, for the first time in the Dacia range, EBA (Emergency Brake Assist). Dacia Sandero is equipped with numerous passive safety features too, including the use of materials such as high elastic limit (HEL) steel which ensures enhanced cabin resistance by minimising deformation, notably in the case of head-on impacts. The combination of the magnesium steering wheel frame and retractable steering column contributes to the dissipation of the kinetic energy produced in an impact, while the honeycomb structure of the polypropylene dashboard reduces the risk of knee injury. In addition to the materials it uses, the curved design of the lower part of the cowling matches the shape of the tibias with a view to spreading out the force of an impact should the tibias come into contact with the dash. Last but not least, legs and ankles are further protected by underfoot padding on both the passenger and driver sides. Dacia Sandero is equipped with three-point seatbelts. The front seatbelts incorporate calibrated load limiters for enhanced protection of the thorax. Depending on version, these three-point seatbelts are height-adjustable to optimise body restraint in case of impact. The retention system can also be upgraded to include pyrotechnic pretensioners for the front seatbelts. Dacia Sandero also benefits from ISOFIX child seat anchorage for the outer rear seats.

Suzuki Swift Rally Car, 2005

Suzuki Swift Rally Car, 2005

A redesigned Swift was announced at the Paris Auto Salon in September 2004. This Swift is intended to compete in the European B segment with the likes of Peugeot 206, Opel Corsa and the Fiat Punto. With 1.3 and 1.5 L engines, the new Swift is Suzuki's new "global car", to be produced in Hungary, India, Japan and by Chang'an in China. 3- and 5-door bodies.

The the new model is the first of its kind during which a Suzuki employed Indian engineers to design a car that would compete in the global market. The design of the new Swift was previewed on the Concept S and Concept S2 concept cars at auto shows, in the years leading up to its launch. It's proportions & essential shape are unmistakely like the BMW MINI, due to the blacked-out A-pillars and bumper-car stance. The exterior shape is described by some as "1.5 box". Despite Suzuki's long-standing relationship with General Motors (which itself had prompted the development of the very first Swift), the new Swift is entirely Suzuki, and not based on the GM Gamma platform. The prestigious British Autocar magazine gave the new Swift a favourable 4/5 stars in road test, badging it a "thoroughly impressive all-rounder". Mk4 Swift has received a 4 stars out of 5 rating in the EURO NCAP crash tests. Standard equipment include leather steering wheel, dual air-bag, ABS with EBD (Electronic Brake-force Distribution), front disk brake with rear drum brake, sliding storage under passenger seat, single CD player. Since its global launch in 2005, Mkq4 Swift recorded above forecast sales. In Japan, sales figure doubled forecast. Mk4 Swift enjoyed healthy sales in India where a substantial percentage of the car is built with locally made components. Rapid sales of the new Swift model contributed to the 64% rise in Q1 profits for the Maruti corporation. Waiting period in India for the car is at least 3 months.

Suzuki Swift, 2005

Suzuki Swift, 2005

A new kind of compact car. A new philosophy and a new beginning. Radical innovation: The story behind the new Suzuki Swift Suzuki recently embarked on a radical new programme of innovation: a mission aimed at reaffirming and strengthening Suzuki's position as a compact-car innovator; a mission destined to yield vehicles embodying the unique DNA of a company that's not only a world leader in compact cars but also the world's dominant force in motorcycles. The motoring public's first view of Suzuki's new way forward came at the 2002 Paris Motor Show, where Suzuki unveiled the Concept-S, a racy, rally-inspired concept vehicle that reflected influences from Suzuki's two- and four-wheel racing activities and combined the benefits of Suzuki's racing heredity with cutting-edge technological features. Next to emerge from Suzuki's new programme was the Concept-S2, an open-top sports car in which Suzuki evolved its new-model concept into a form with a more laid-back personality. Unveiled at the 2003 Frankfurt Motor Show, the Concept-S2 was dimensionally similar to the new-generation production vehicle toward which Suzuki was steadily working - a vehicle to be known as the new Suzuki Swift. Plans for the new Swift took shape around a totally new mindset: Whereas Japanese car development often focuses first on the needs of Japanese motorists, the designers and engineers assigned to the new Suzuki Swift focused first and foremost on Europe; the new Swift was to be a Japanese car developed in Europe for today's global market. Exterior design A head-turning fusion of dynamism and stability Suzuki's exciting new direction in car design is instantly apparent in the exterior styling of the new Swift. In contrast to the monoform styling adopted for many vehicles in the supermini category, the new Swift has a 1.5-box style that communicates an unmistakable sense of dynamism and substantiality; it consistently earned praise among European motorists who collaborated with the design programme. A distinctively sporty front face incorporates clear headlamps and a wide airdam that not only suppresses front-end lift but also looks dynamic and stylish. And a stance that conveys a strong sense of stability is created by large-diameter wheels positioned near the extreme corners of the body and by boldly contoured shoulder lines that run from the headlamps to the rear of the body. A wraparound glasshouse gives the upper half of the new Swift's body a bold, sporty look and helps to imbue the cabin with an appearance of solidity. The wraparound glasshouse design is complemented by a black finish on the A- and B-pillars for an even smarter, more integrated look. At the sides of the new Swift, clearly defined shoulder lines are complemented by boldly flared wheel arches and side sills that further emphasize the car's strength and stability. The shoulder lines flow toward rear combination lamps that curve forward to meet them above the rear wheels, creating a uniquely solid, sporty, and well-integrated look. Interior design A cockpit designed for true driving pleasure Inside the new Swift, the driver enjoys an environment that reflects a focus on style, sportiness, and driving pleasure. The wraparound look of the glass surfaces is continued in the cabin design, creating not only a chic look but also a feeling of involvement with the car and confidence in it. Sporty features including a three-spoke steering wheel, a spherical shift knob, and an illuminated ring around the speedometer make driving even more enjoyable. The top of the instrument panel is positioned optimally low to give the driver a clear view forward. This means the driver enjoys a feeling of openness and finds the new Swift easy to place accurately on the road. The overall result is confident, enjoyable driving with a satisfying feeling of involvement. Instrumentation that promotes easy, enjoyable driving includes a sporty, easy-to-read triple-gauge instrument cluster in which the tachometer dial, in a reflection of sportbike design, has its mark positioned at six o'clock, where the eye falls naturally. It also includes a centrally located information display that shows the time, fuel consumption, and outside temperature. The audio and climate-control systems are easy to operate thanks to optimally large, dial-type controls. For added convenience, the audio system can also be operated using optional steering-wheel-mounted controls. The front seats offer superior support and hold, and each one has a class-leading fore-aft slide range of 240mm. Plus, the driver's seat has a height adjuster with an up-down range of 30mm. A tilt-adjustable steering column further accommodates for every driver. Even a relatively small person can easily find the optimal seating position for confident driving and easy pedal operation. And throughout the driver's area, gaps and height differences between trim pieces are tight and accurate, further contributing to an overall sense of refinement and quality. Newly conceived systems for next-generation ride and handling With the new Swift, Suzuki's chassis engineers targeted a dynamic driving experience together with a ride that feels sophisticated and comfortable. They achieved this difficult balance by integrating the body with a newly developed platform incorporating specially conceived chassis systems. The newly developed platform provides the new Swift with wide treads (front: 1470mm, rear: 1480mm), a great overall width (1,690mm), and a long wheelbase (2,380mm). These dimensions not only benefit interior spaciousness but also help to enable superior on-road stability and comfort. The front suspension has a new design in which the lower arms, steering gearbox, and rear engine mounting are attached to a suspension subframe. This design gives significantly higher mounting rigidity, which translates into lower road noise and a stronger feeling of stability. The new Swift breaks further new ground by being equipped with torsion-beam rear suspension, which gives a superior combination of handling stability and ride comfort. One specific merit of the new arrangement is low unsprung weight, which enables camber angle and toe-in to be controlled effectively for accurate and predictable handling. Another merit is a space-efficient layout that permits a low, flat luggage-area floor. To further enhance the driving experience, the power-assisted steering system has a newly developed steering gearbox that gives a more direct feel. And for further controllability, the braking system has an upgraded design in which increased caliper rigidity and other enhancements give sure stopping power. Class-leading protection from collisions and theft Peace of mind for users is always a top priority for Suzuki, so the new Swift incorporates the latest technologies for safety and security. Developing the body from scratch enabled the engineering team to realize an outstandingly crashworthy structure; one in which high-tensile steel and tailored blanks are used extensively to ensure lightness and strength. It also enabled the team to adopt structures (notably in the bonnet, fenders, wipers, and front bumper) that help protect pedestrians in the event of contact. In the cabin, users are further shielded from impact forces by a collapsible steering column, leg-injury-mitigating brake and clutch pedals, front-seatbelt pretensioners and force limiters, energy-absorbing trim, front airbags, and available side and curtain airbags. To help ensure that none of the advanced passive-safety technologies is ever needed, the new Swift incorporates a range of active-safety technologies including a four-wheel antilock braking system, an electronic brake-force distribution system, and a brake-assist function, which together help the driver avoid hazards. And to give users even greater peace of mind, exemplary protection from theft is realized by a keyless start system (this permits keyless unlocking, engine startup, and locking), an immobilizer, and Suzuki's latest tamper-resistant door locks.

Proton GEN-2, 2008

Proton GEN-2, 2008

Having acquired a majority share in Group Lotus Plc in 1996 and a full share in 2003, Proton have combined the sporting heritage of Lotus with its own strengths to create the Proton GEN-2 - a car that offers far more than the average family car. Carefully integrating the values of Proton, Lotus has helped to produce an exciting car designed for both performance and functionality, as designers and engineers deliberately chose to stray from the traditional approach of building a single car for the mass market. This integration has also become more physically visible in the Proton GEN-2 by way of the car's more modern, masculine and sporty character in terms of exterior and interior styling as well as in performance. While Lotus presence in the older range of vehicles like the Proton Satria GTi was limited to its superior ride and handling performance, its contributions have become more visible in the Proton GEN-2 and in current Proton cars, particularly the Satria Neo. The Lotus influence is evident in the GEN-2, from underlining new and higher standards related to performance and occupant safety to sculpturing the overall look and feel of the car from both the interior and exterior. Designed as a five-door hatchback, the Proton GEN-2 was the first of the new line of Proton cars and the first national car to be fitted with a Malaysian designed, blue-printed and commercially built engine, developed in close collaboration with Lotus. Proton introduced the latest addition to the GEN-2 line-up in March 2008, with the launch of the Proton GEN-2 Persona saloon into the UK. The GEN-2 saloon combines the excellent performance, ride and handling of the GEN-2 hatchback, but with the added sophistication and functionality that comes with owning a 4-door family car. The GEN-2 - a Proton through and through Proton believes that driving should be fun and that every one of its cars should deliver superb ride and handling. Progressive technology is evident across the range - not just in performance but in safety measures and standard equipment. The Proton GEN-2 continues this tradition of offering everything motorists have come to expect from a Proton - and more. Proton cars have always been reliable and good value for money and to maintain this Proton has added many additional features to the Proton GEN-2, making it even better value. But what sets the GEN-2 apart from the average family car is the influence of Lotus. The GEN-2 draws heavily on this, and marked a big step forward for Proton in terms of ride and handling, engine development and vehicle design. The Proton GEN-2 hatchback and saloon are joined by three other cars in Proton range which are the five door city car the Savvy, the three door supermini the Satria Neo and the Impian four door saloon. Exterior Design The biggest challenge for the Malaysian designers at Proton's Styling Unit when they designed the Proton GEN-2, was not only to come up with the design for a new car, but more importantly a brand new identity that would shape Proton cars of the next generation. Shaking off the existing Proton car image and appearance that car buyers have grown accustomed to over the last 15 years required the designers to embrace a bold and more daring approach in their designs. Equally important was to establish a presence that would disassociate future Proton cars from being perceived as rebadged variants belonging to Mitsubishi. From the Proton GEN-2's conception there was a desire to create a family car which showed Proton was a manufacturer of exciting and passionate cars rather than conventional products. The GEN-2 was designed to have an aerodynamic and curvaceous styling not previously experienced in previous Proton vehicles, or generally found on family cars. This goal enabled designers and engineers to set a consistent and emerging styling direction for future products, giving Proton cars their own personality, character and presence. Lotus influence in the Proton GEN-2 is strong compared to previous Proton vehicles, particularly in the exterior and interior styling, which has set out to create a more sporty and contemporary car both inside and out. The GEN-2 represents a harmonious blend of Proton and Lotus characteristics to produce a contemporary and much sportier car than previous models and set a standard which each of the current products now embodies. In styling the Proton GEN-2, the designers opted for deeper concave lines and shoulders to make the car masculine and aggressive in appearance. Integrating Lotus characteristics into the design, the end result bore strong resemblance of a sporty coupe in line with the objective of creating a car that was more sporty than conventional. The masculine shoulders of the GEN-2, the gentle curve of the roof and the pronounced wheel arches extend fluidly to the rear section of the car, accentuating dynamism and a powerful presence whether the car is stationary or in motion. Sporty characteristics extend to the rear of the Proton GEN-2 with radically designed rear lights positioned on the high and contoured tail end of the car, with a tailgate spoiler available on GSX and saloon models. Brand new 15" alloy wheels, available on all models, complete the look. In addition to the stylish profile, crumple zones at the front and rear ensure passengers are as safe as possible in the event of a collision, while electronically controlled folding door mirrors (heated on GSX models) ensure ease of use for drivers. And when it comes to those tight spaces in town, reverse distance sensors ensure the GEN-2 is no problem to park. The GEN-2 hatchback is available in a choice of six different colours including metallic Black, Chilli Red, Genetic Silver and Passion Blue and the Proton GEN-2 saloon is available in a choice of five colours, including Light Gold and Blueberry Tea. Size The Proton GEN-2 hatchback has an overall length of 4310mm, an overall width measuring 1725mm, a height of 1435mm and wheelbase of 2600mm. This compares very favourably with the competition, with the car being longer than many of its competitors and having improved vehicle dynamics. It has a 50 litre fuel tank and luggage area volume of 460 litres with the rear seats up and a volume of 850 litres with the seats folded down. The GEN-2 saloon has an overall length of 4477mm, an overall width measuring 1725mm, a height of 1437mm and wheelbase of 2600mm. The saloon version has a luggage area volume of 430 litres with the seats up, which can be doubled with the seats folded down. NVH suppression The Proton GEN-2 aims for superior NVH characteristics which make the driving experience comfortable for occupants without eliminating the sporty engine noise. The aerodynamic profile means the GEN-2 delivers low wind resistance, good high speed manoeuvrability, vehicle stability and control. In perfecting noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) for the GEN-2, Proton's Research and Development engineers concentrated on isolating noise at the source as one of the most effective methods to achieving higher NVH standards. Noise produced by the engine, the intake and exhaust system were isolated and prevented from creeping into the cabin. Proton engineers also aimed at providing a measurable and significant degree of NVH performance, from addressing how the vehicle responds to vibration in various driving conditions to achieving the desired levels of stiffness, weight and the damping effects of the vehicle. The floor pan of the Proton GEN-2, the trunk and the door panels have all been subjected to significant amounts of damping, and a great degree of attention has gone into better insulating firewall, the A, B and C pillars and the floor of the vehicle. Careful attention went into accomplishing this by way of strategically positioning the correct amount of damping sheets and insulation padding to achieve the desired NVH levels without having the additional weight compromising on the vehicle's overall performance. Reducing wind noise was also accomplished by introducing improved door seals or weather strips that have significantly reduced air leakage into the passenger compartment and the introduction of Low Gap Technology, giving a snug panel fit and the ribbed bee sting aerial means reduced wind noise inside the cabin. The enhanced rigidity and stiffness in the GEN-2's platform also resulted in better suspension performance, providing better vehicle stability, passenger protection and helping to eliminate unwanted and undesirable creaks. Benchmarking against a number of European, Japanese and Korean cars, these elements combined, create a more desirable in-car driving experience from how smooth the vehicle is when in motion, to delivering a solid "thud" as the doors are shut. Lighting Sculptured headlights give a more aggressive appearance and the front bumper has been deliberately designed to appear lower for a more sporty presence. Clear fog lights have also been integrated into the front bumper for a more dynamic stature. All Proton GEN-2 models have halogen headlamps with semi-automatic levelling as standard. Interior Design Simplicity, stylish and sporty were the elements Proton ergonomics experts set out to achieve as they worked to harmoniously integrate the unique characteristics between Proton and Lotus in seeking to raise the standards of a Proton car interior. The "Lotus Inside" theme is translated into a classier and more modern design of the dashboard and cockpit underlining a very strong sporty and emotional presence. Raised structures of the dashboard and positioning of the instruments and controls provide the driver and front passenger with ideal field of vision, reach and accessibility. When you step into the Proton GEN-2, you can't miss the influence of the Lotus Design Studio in the circular styling of the controls, cowled dash, subtle red LEDs and sporty dials. Designed to be as flexible as possible the GEN-2 easily meets the multitude of demands placed on a family car. Its spacious interior can comfortably accommodate five adults and there are child locks on the rear doors for maximum safety if carrying younger passengers and ISOfix style child restraint fixings on the back seat. Dashboard and instruments All the important information is clearly laid out so drivers need only take their eyes from the road momentarily to get key information. All major warning indicators are easily located, including the seatbelt warning and door ajar warning lights. Additional features include an audible seatbelt warning buzzer for front passengers and a lights on warning buzzer. In addition, all GSX models have an instrument panel dimmer so drivers can select their own brightness settings. The materials chosen for the upper dashboard were selected for their low reflectivity, to reduce the glare from the road. The lower materials have been chosen for their durability. There are fabric or leather inserts in the door panels and the A, B and C pillars are covered with a grain plastic. Trip computer The Proton GEN-2 also features an on-board informative digital display system, capable of calculating average fuel consumption, journey time and distance to empty. The average fuel consumption system calculates consumption from the total fuel used and the distance since the last reset enabling the driver to review his driving patterns in making a decision when it comes to choosing between economy and performance driving. The journey time option shows the time in hours and minutes telling the driver how long the ignition has been switched on and the engine left running, while the distance to empty provides an estimated distance in miles to the next refuelling requirement. Controls The three spoke steering wheel has been improved in terms of design, function and material, aimed at offering superior grip as well as convenience, and together with the gear shifter and handbrake handle (hatchback only), accentuate the sporty nature of the car. For additional convenience, the has steering wheel mounted audio controls volume and mute controls for the radio/CD player on the left hand side and skip, search and mode controls on the right. The steering wheel has been positioned to provide driver legroom of 930mm from the hip pivot point. The steering wheel is also height adjustable for added convenience. Seating The GEN-2's spacious cabin offers drivers a dark grey interior colour scheme extending to the seats, door inserts and the darker dashboard and door trim. Body hugging one-piece seats with integrated headrest in the front give the driver and the passenger better grip and a fully secured driving feel. The driver's seat is height, tilt and slide adjustable for optimum comfort and there are two adjustable headrests for rear passengers. The hip pivot point in the GEN-2 is higher than in other cars, giving easy access in and out of the vehicle. Luggage and storage There are ample storage compartments around the cabin including a dashboard stowage tray, side pockets in the front doors, rear map pockets in the front seats and a centrally located cup holder. In addition there is also a central floor console box with armrest between the front seats. The 60:40 split folding rear seats provide a versatile load area in the rear of the car, creating a large load area for extra luggage, suitcases, shopping etc. Within the boot there is a handy hook giving ease of access to the spare wheel and toolkit and every Proton GEN-2 hatchback has an internal boot strap so there is no need to get hands dirty by touching the boot of the vehicle. The toolkit contains adjustable pliers, a 12mm/14mm spanner, screwdriver, wheelbrace and towing eye and jack. Equipment All GLS and saloon models are fitted with an air conditioning system with pollen filter, with GSX models having automatic climate control with pollen filter as standard. The familiar vertically stacked heating controls are situated conveniently by the gear lever and complement the simplistic, minimalist and sporty look and feel. GSX automatic models have automatic cruise control as standard, which is unusual on a car in this price range. This enables the driver to set their own constant speed. Controls for this are located on the steering column on the right hand side. Front electric windows are standard across the range, with electric rear windows on the GSX and saloon ranges. A centrally located window locking system is in place on the hatchback to prevent children having access to the electric windows when travelling in the rear. Additional practical considerations are in abundance. The GEN-2 is equipped with illuminated power window switches, side mirror adjusters, centre mounted clock, sun visor with vanity mirror on passenger and driver side which also incorporates a ticket holder, front and rear door side armrests and a 12V power socket. Audio In-car entertainment comes in the form of a stylish unit which complements the interior's sporty look and feel. Each Proton GEN-2 is fitted with a Blaupunkt audio system with RDS, 20 station memory and CD player, compatible with both CDRW (hatchback only) and MP3 CDs in addition to standard CD formats. This integrated unit is only compatible with the GEN-2 so cannot be stolen and used in another vehicle. Models in the GSX range can be equipped with a hands free telephone based on Bluetooth technology. A four-way speaker system provides for better sound distribution around the cabin. Engines and Transmissions The Proton GEN-2 is available with a choice of either a 1.3 (hatchback only) or 1.6 litre 16v Lotus developed CamPro petrol engine. All manual transmission models have a five-speed gearbox and a four-speed automatic option is available on 1.6 models. Underneath the bonnet is a CamPro 4-cylinder 16v Multi-Point Injection engine developed in collaboration with Lotus. As you'd expect from a company that designs and builds high performance cars, this is an engine that packs a serious punch; with the 1.6 range delivering a max speed of up to 118mph, with 110bhp and 109lb/ft of torque. Testing of the engine was conducted on both engine rigs and dynamometers as well as on the road with running prototypes already having completed rigorous tests all around the globe and accumulating more than 27,000 hours. While the main proving ground for the CamPro was Malaysia, the engine has been put through the hot and engine onboard diagnostic tests in Australia. Hot and high altitude testing was conducted in Spain, high speed testing run at Millbrook in the United Kingdom and cold weather testing conducted in Sweden. A HVAC cooling test was also performed on the GEN-2 in Japan as Proton and Lotus engineers worked to create an engine designed for reliability, durability, longevity, fuss free and affordable maintenance, and performance. Chassis The Proton GEN-2 inherits a more rigid platform and body, and Lotus-tweaked suspension for more agility, stability, precision and control as Proton engineers pursued to provide greater active safety. Proton and Lotus engineers reached the perfect balance between performance excellence and ride comfort in the set-up of the GEN-2, delivering a car with a sporty personality and spirited drive yet managing to attain a high degree of comfort. The goal was to create a car big on performance, and equally generous in terms of on road comfort. In essence, Proton engineers targeted the car for a specific audience - those who are in the market for a practical family car yet desire the performance and personality of a sports car. The sporty character of the car is translated into creating a more responsive, predictable and controllable package, giving the Proton GEN-2 not only greater agility but stability. The driver registers this in the form of greater precision in terms of lane changing behaviour through an even more immediate and instantaneous response to steering movements. A key strength that Proton has acquired through their relationship with Lotus is the ability to maximise ride and handling through total integrated body tuning and balancing; this combines to give a fun and exciting drive and translates into the GEN-2 having excellent steering, manoeuvrability, cornering and handling capabilities that can be easily distinguished in terms of cornering speeds and high-speed stability. Good ride and handling not only makes a car more enjoyable to drive, it also improves safety by giving an accurate and instant response to driver actions. Few cars achieve good levels of both. Usually better handling means less ride comfort and vice versa. The GEN-2 has been designed to optimise both elements. Brakes All Proton GEN-2 models are equipped with an ABS with EBD for optimum performance. In addition, all models have brake discs all round, with 266mm ventilated at the front and 280mm solid at the rear. Wheels All GEN-2 models have 15 inch alloy wheels with 195/55R15 85V Continental Sport or Sime tyres with a space saver steel wheel as a spare. Steering The vehicle's turning circle is just 5.4m (17.7 ft) which has helped enhance around-town driveability and manoeuvrability. Safety Safety is a priority for Proton, who provide drivers with a range of equipment to help to prevent an accident and protect in the event of a collision. The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and Electronic Brake Distribution (EBS) deliver controlled, safer braking in adverse weather conditions. EBD distributes optimum braking force to the area of the vehicle that needs it the most, ensuring stability and confidence under heavy braking. Proton aims to offer both „active' and „passive' safety and the GEN-2 does just this. Active safety is achieved through good vehicle control, helping to avoid accidents. The Lotus input into the chassis and suspension development ensures the Proton GEN-2 has excellent handling, accurate steering and stable braking. The precision feedback and responsiveness of the steering, handling and braking ensure maximum control when on the road. Passive safety, the minimisation of injuries in the event of an accident, has always been important at Proton and the GEN-2 has several safety features to support this. Here Proton focuses on passenger protection through built-in crumple zones, strong cabin rigidity and additional energy absorbance technology. Proton have also utilised passenger restraint systems to reduce injuries from secondary impact. The Proton GEN-2 has independent rear headrests for improved safety for rear passengers and both front seatbelts have pre-tensioners to maintain the belt force at a controlled level and ensure passengers are held in place in an impact. In addition the driver's seatbelt is linked to an audible warning system which reminds the driver to fasten their seatbelt. There are twin airbags fitted as standard across the entire GEN-2 range with twin side airbags available on GSX models. Additional features include a collapsible steering column and a pedal anti-intrusion system, both of which help prevent penetration into the cabin during a frontal impact. The rear seats have been designed to withstand impact from luggage thrown against the back seat and therefore against rear passengers, in the event of a rear collision. All passive safety systems have been tuned for optimal timing to reduce risk of injury. Cruise control is standard on the GSX automatic and allows a desired speed to be maintained constantly. For safety, braking disengages the system or it can be controlled via a steering wheel switch. Additional safety features include reverse distance sensors to alert the driver to any obstructions or people behind the vehicle and a centrally located petrol tank, making it less likely to get damaged in the event of an accident. Security The Proton GEN-2 comes with an integrated alarm system and an engine immobiliser with a unique encoded transponder. The three stage security system minimises the risk of vehicle theft by means of hot wire or duplication of keys, providing protection from theft. The door locking system is fitted with a free rolling key cylinder as a theft deterrent. If an intruder uses an unmatched key or attempts a forced entry on the key cylinder with a foreign object, the lock will rotate freely to prevent opening. Should a window be broken, the combination of the immobiliser and ignition lock protection will ensure that the ignition system is protected and the car cannot be driven. The central locking cables are hidden to prevent tampering and the locks are less likely to be broken if foreign objects are inserted. To further reduce the risk of kerb-side break-ins there is only one exposed lock, on the driver's door, and no external boot release. All security features in the GEN-2 also conform to strict Thatcham safety and security standards. All new Proton vehicles are automatically added to the International Security Register (ISR) reducing the risk of theft and resale. A single call to the ISR's 24 hour helpline enables a prospective buyer to confirm a vehicle's credentials. In addition to this, the Proton GEN-2 also has a visible VIN plate on the dashboard and many of its parts (e.g. alarm unit, ECU, seats) are all marked with a unique identification number.